General Hospital Pljevlja

Montenegro’s architectural heritage is characterised by a distinctive synthesis of Eastern and Western influences, shaped to a considerable extent by the legacies of Roman, Venetian, and Ottoman traditions. The coastal areas, in particular Kotor and Perast, exhibit architectural styles characteristic of the Mediterranean, whereas the country’s interior evinces Byzantine cultural influences. In the northern city of Pljevlja, situated in a mountainous region with a continental climate, traditional housing types such as Dinaric houses, tower houses, and gazebo-style porches exemplify the regional architectural diversity.

The historical understanding of nature’s therapeutic benefits has influenced urban design across civilizations, as evidenced by the gardens of Ancient Rome, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, as well as medieval Chinese cities. The incorporation of natural elements, such as urban parks, into the daily lives of citizens reflects a long-standing recognition of the beneficial effects that nature has on psychological and physical well-being. In the field of contemporary architecture, this philosophy has been extended to healthcare settings, emphasizing the role of nature in fostering healing environments.

Hospitals, as centers of medical research and practice, are designed to meet rigorous standards. However, effective hospital design is not merely a matter of functional compliance with medical requirements; it also addresses emotional and psychological healing. By integrating nature into built spaces, healthcare architecture can create restorative environments that benefit both patients and staff. Research indicates that visual or physical access to nature can reduce stress, anxiety, and the need for high-dose painkillers, thereby promoting faster recovery. The collaboration between medicine and architecture is of paramount importance in the design of hospitals, as the thoughtful layout of a facility can have a significant impact on the healing processes of patients. The work of Roger Ulrich, a prominent figure in hospital design research, highlights the significance of design in enhancing health outcomes. It is essential to consider the minimization of noise pollution, the selection of appropriate materials, the safeguarding of patient privacy, the assurance of accessible circulation between units, the design of intuitive layouts, and the maintenance of adequate thermal conditions. The significance of contact with nature in the context of “healing” hospital design is an increasingly recognized criterion. The incorporation of green spaces, natural light, and views of the outdoors into healthcare facilities has the potential to transform hospitals into environments that support holistic recovery. This approach not only enhances the patient experience but also underscores the significance of architectural design in creating environments that foster both physical and emotional well-being.